Whether you’re suffering from pain related to an injury, an autoimmune disease, or neuropathy from conditions such as diabetes, you may be interested in trying out dietary supplements such as cannabidiol (CBD).

This non-psychoactive alternative to “typical” cannabis oil won’t get you high. It can be used either alone or in combination with many conventional painkillers.

As the quality of CBD oils varies wildly, we’ve saved you time by researching the best CBD oil for pain on the market. FOCL’s Full Spectrum Drops were our overall winner thanks to their mood-lifting terpenes and THC boost. 

Where To Buy Best CBD Oil for Pain  

First Look

The best CBD products for pain relief contain strong doses of CBD, catering to a wide range of needs. 

They are also full- or broad-spectrum to provide you with the benefits of other cannabinoids, and offer subscriptions to help you save. Overall, FOCL’s Feel Good Full Spectrum Drops ticked all of our boxes.

1. FOCL Feel Good Full Spectrum Drops – Best CBD Oil for Pain Overall     

Pros

  • Full-spectrum CBD oil 

  • 33mg of the active ingredient per mL

  • Organic MCT (coconut) oil to boost absorption 

Cons 

  • Contains a small amount of THC 

FOCL Feel Good Full Spectrum Drops is our overall winner thanks to its complete range of cannabinoids and mood-boosting terpenes. Many people with chronic pain suffer from depression, so we wanted a CBD oil that may address both issues. 

With 33mg of CBD per mL, it’s also one of the stronger blends. One paper describes the target dose of CBD in cancer pain as at least 25mg, so FOCL gives you a dose that’s 30% higher [1]. 

The THC in FOCL’s full-spectrum drops may help enhance the absorption of CBD by 12-21% [2]. This means that you may get an even stronger effect than that from the same dose of CBD in a broad-spectrum extract. 

Additionally, FOCL Feel Good contains beta-caryophyllene, alpha-pinene, and beta-pinene. While alpha-pinene can increase levels of soothing GABA, beta-pinene may boost levels of stimulating serotonin and noradrenaline [3].  

FOCL Feel Good comes in a cheerful citrus flavor with organic stevia for sweetness. FOCL’s Feel Good drops cost $79 for a single purchase, or you can save 20% with a subscription for just $63.20. This is just over $2 per dose. 

FOCL’s Feel Good drops contain the complete spectrum of cannabinoids and terpenes from the Cannabis sativa plant. This may give you both pain relief and a mood-lifting effect to brighten your day. 

>>Check the best deals for FOCL Feel Good Full-Spectrum drops here

2. Tommy Chong’s 3000MG Full Spectrum Hemp Tincture – Most Powerful CBD Oil

Pros

  • 100mg of CBD per dose

  • Cold-pressed hemp seed oil 

  • Pleasant mint flavor

  • 90-day money-back guarantee

Cons 

  • THC may trigger a positive drug test result

Tommy Chong’s impressive offerings include his 3,000mg full-spectrum hemp tincture, a high-dose CBD extract. This stood out to us because people with larger body weights or more severe pain may need higher doses of CBD. 

The key feature of this CBD product is its impressive 100mg of CBD in each 1mL dose. Better yet, the small amount of THC may make it even more effective. 

Its potency means you can start with 0.5mL, or around 50mg of CBD, to see if your results are satisfactory. If not, you may need to bump it up to the full 1mL to treat pain. 

This hemp tincture comes in a light, refreshing peppermint flavor. It’s like an after-dinner mint, but with possible health benefits. 

Each bottle costs $69.95, or a little over $2 for each daily dose. Tommy Chong’s 3,000mg-potency CBD tincture delivers a powerful punch with its high-dose, full-spectrum formula. 

>>Check the best prices for Tommy Chong’s 3000mg Full Spectrum Hemp Tincture here

3. Cornbread Hemp Whole Flower USDA Organic CBD Oil – Best Whole Flower Option

Pros

  • USDA-certified organic ingredients

  • Full-spectrum formulation with up to 1 mg THC and 25mg CBD per serving

  • Third-party tested for purity and potency

  • Versatile potency options: 375 mg, 750 mg, and 1,500 mg bottles

Cons

  • Earthy, natural flavor may not appeal to all users

Cornbread Hemp’s Whole Flower USDA Organic CBD Oil impressed us with its focus on quality and sustainability. The product’s organic certification and full-spectrum formulation make it stand out in the crowded CBD market. With up to 1 mg THC per serving, it’s ideal for users seeking the entourage effect, which enhances the benefits of cannabinoids working together.

Cornbread Hemp uses whole flower extract from USDA-certified organic hemp, ensuring a potent and effective product. Each batch is third-party tested, guaranteeing purity and potency. The full-spectrum formula includes naturally occurring cannabinoids and terpenes, enhancing relaxation, pain relief, and overall wellness.

This CBD oil retains its natural flavor profile, offering an earthy and raw taste. While some may appreciate its authenticity, others might prefer flavored options.

The product is reasonably priced at $34.99 for 375 mg, $49.99 for 750 mg and $74.99 for 1,500 mg. A subscription option offers a 20% discount, making it even more affordable for regular users.

Cornbread Hemp’s Whole Flower CBD Oil is a premium option for those seeking a pure, organic, and full-spectrum CBD product. While the natural flavor may not suit everyone, its USDA certification, quality ingredients, and range of potencies make it a top choice for those prioritizing efficacy and transparency.

>>Check the best prices for Cornbread Hemp Whole Flower USDA Organic CBD Oil

4. CBDistillery Full Spectrum Oil Tincture – Relaxing Tincture for Trouble Sleeping

Pros

  • Trace amounts of CBN, CBC, and other cannabinoids 

  • Rigorously tested for quality and safety

  • 84% satisfaction in customer surveys

  • 60-day risk-free guarantee

Cons 

  • Contains trace amounts of THC

CBDistillery’s Full Spectrum Oil Tincture offers great savings with their subscription offers and provides easy access to their lab test results. They use natural farming practices to cultivate their US-grown hemp and do not add artificial ingredients to their CBD oils. 

The Full Spectrum Oil Tincture contains small amounts of CBN, CBC, CBG, CBDA, and CBDV. 

CBN has gentle sedative effects and may help improve sleep as a result. CBDA may be 1,000 times stronger than CBD when stimulating serotonin, a mood-lifting and calming neurotransmitter. 

Together, CBG, CBC, and others have a wider range of potential benefits against inflammatory pathways. This may make them more effective in reducing pain than CBD alone [4]. 

CBDistillery does not use flavoring in their CBD tinctures to avoid artificial ingredients. A one-time purchase now costs $60, but you can save 30% with a subscription for just $42. As it works out to be an average cost of $1.40 per day, this is fantastic value for money. 

CBDistillery gives people with chronic pain potentially powerful relief at an affordable price. 

>>Check the best deals for CBDistillery Full Spectrum Oil Tincture here 

5. Kanibi FULL SPECTRUM CBD OIL TINCTURE – Best for Multiple Flavor Options

Pros

  • Five different flavors plus a natural variation 

  • Choose two potency levels

  • CO2 extraction ensures no solvent contamination 

Cons 

  • Undetectable levels of other cannabinoids

Kanibi’s full-spectrum CBD tincture is our top pick if you want an extract that tastes great. Their CBD oil is made from organic hemp and is double-tested to ensure the highest degree of purity. 

Each flavor option comes in either 750mg or 1,500mg options, with an average of either 25 or 50 milligrams of CBD per mL. They are manufactured to the highest standards of supplement production. 

Kanibi also includes an informative blog on its website. Their topics include how to read lab reports, whether you can give CBD to dogs, and whether you can use their CBD products in cooking. 

You can choose between Fruit Wave, Peppermint, Cinnamon, Choco Mint, Lemon Lime, and flavorless options. While a one-time purchase costs $69.00 or $129.00 depending on the potency you choose, a subscription will save you 30%. 

Kanibi provides a potent dose of CBD in several delicious flavors that may feel more like a piece of liquid candy than a supplement until its effects hit. 

>>Check the best prices for Kanibi FULL SPECTRUM CBD OIL TINCTURE here

6. Medterra True Full Spectrum™ CBD Oil –

Pros

  • Over 2mg of THC and 8mg of minor cannabinoids per serving 

  • Sweetened with natural stevia 

  • Organic ingredients 

Cons 

  • More expensive than other brands in this article

Medterra is committed to giving customers the best results possible. With a team of medical cannabis experts assisting in product design and certification from the US Hemp Authority, they are not cutting any corners. 

We love Medterra’s True Full Spectrum CBD for its higher concentrations of THC and minor cannabinoids. Instead of nearly nonexistent doses, there is around 2mg of THC per mL and 8-9mg/mL of cannabinoids such as CBC. 

As for CBD, there are 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL options. This makes it possible to halve your daily dose or achieve optimal results if you have a larger body weight or more severe pain. 

You can choose between Chocolate Mint and Citrus flavors. Medterra’s full spectrum CBD oil for pain costs $89.99 for the 50mg/mL strength and $159.99 for the 100mg/mL potency. Subscriptions drop these prices to $62.99 and $111.99, respectively. 

Medterra provides a truly full-spectrum oil with higher doses of supporting cannabinoids and two stronger dosage forms. 

>>Check the best prices for Medterra True Full Spectrum™ CBD Oil here

7. Extract Labs CBC OIL – Best CBD + CBC Option

Pros

  • Contains CBD and CBC in a 3:1 ratio 

  • Subscribe and save 25%

  • Certified organic, American-grown hemp

  • Buy CBD oil from anywhere in the world

Cons 

  • Some complain of little information on the origin of its hemp

Extract Labs features a range of oils that emphasize minor cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, including the rising star, cannabichromene (CBC). These may have more benefits than oils relying on CBD alone. 

Additionally, Extract Labs uses organic hemp in all their products. The company’s attention to quality at every step is thanks to founder Craig Henderson’s lived experience as a veteran and his desire to create effective, accessible CBD products. 

Extract Labs’ CBC Oil contains 60 mg of CBD and 20mg of CBC in every 1mL. This is a much higher dose of CBC than seen in other full-spectrum hemp oils. 

CBD and CBC may be more effective together in medical cannabis preparations. They had stronger effects against inflammation by reducing the expression of important proinflammatory genes [5]. 

CBC may have direct pain-relieving effects too, and could protect brain and nerve cells against ongoing inflammatory damage [4]. 

Extract Labs’ products are unflavored, but you can mix them with the food or drink of your choice.  A single purchase of Extract Labs CBC Oil costs $69.99, or you can save 25% each month with a subscription. 

Extract Labs increases the dose of “minor” cannabinoids such as CBC in its range of products, potentially giving you a stronger, broader range of benefits. 

>>Check the best deals for Extract Labs CBC Oil here

What Is CBD Oil?

CBD oil is a type of medical cannabis preparation that features CBD and has little to no THC. You can find full-spectrum CBD oils, which contain all cannabinoids and terpenes, and broad-spectrum oils, which remove THC or select certain cannabinoids. 

Most CBD oils comply with the 2018 Farm Bill. They contain 0.3% THC or less, so are covered by the Federal Controlled Substances Act. 

How to Use CBD Oil for Pain

Like many other dietary supplements, CBD oil can be used alone or alongside conventional treatments. If you’re just getting started, we recommend starting at a lower dose of 5-10mg and working your way up to the full dose on the label. 

For faster, more reliable absorption, it’s best to take CBD products on an empty stomach or use an inhaled method.

>>Check the best deals for FOCL Feel Good Full-Spectrum drops here

CBD for Pain

The benefits of CBD may extend to a range of conditions, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain. More research, including human studies, is still needed, but the evidence is promising.

Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is triggered by damage to the nervous system, and often ongoing irritation caused by inflammation and tissue damage. A range of cannabinoids, including CBD, demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and overall neuroprotective properties [4]. 

Arthritis Pain

As for arthritis pain, a cross-sectional study found that most people using hemp-derived CBD products reported either a reduction or complete cessation of pain medications. Notably, there was a 31.1% reduction in anti-inflammatories, 18.2% in acetaminophen, and 8.6% in opioids. 

Additionally, 17.8% discontinued anti-inflammatories and acetaminophen, while 18.9% stopped using opioids [6]. This suggests that CBD could potentially serve as a less addictive, more pleasant alternative to traditional pain management medications. 

Multiple Sclerosis

The anti-inflammatory properties of CBD could be effective in autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), where the immune system attacks the body’s tissues. Besides pain, its health benefits for the nervous system may relieve other symptoms such as spasms [7]. 

A case study involving a man with both MS and neurofibromatosis found that his condition improved after starting a cannabinoid spray. His pain and spasticity levels fell from 7/10 and 13/48 respectively, to 2/10 and 6/48 [8]. 

Chronic Pain

Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability, with 15-30% of the population suffering from it in some form. Thankfully, CBD may be able to help. 

A study on 131 people with chronic pain found that almost all enjoyed some benefit to their quality of life after beginning CBD. It reduced their need for pharmaceutical painkillers too, with around 53% able to lower their dose of opioids or even eliminate the medication [9]. 

Benefits of Using CBD Oil for Pain Management

CBD products can act as safe, holistic treatments for pain management with few adverse effects. 

Reduction of Neuropathic Pain

CBD and other cannabinoids have anti-inflammatory, cell-protective properties that may guard your brain and nerve cells against the damage that can cause neuropathic pain. 

Additionally, by interacting with neurotransmitters, CBD helps to modulate key pain signals, further enhancing its pain-relieving properties [7].

Supportive of the Endocannabinoid System

The endocannabinoid system helps to regulate a range of cellular processes in the human body, especially in the nervous and immune systems. 

CBD’s interaction with the ECS not only mitigates pain but also significantly reduces inflammation by affecting the activity within endocannabinoid receptors.

Targeted Relief

CBD does not have the same range of adverse reactions as conventional treatments like opioids. 

It does not affect your breathing or heart rate, for example, as it does not latch onto receptors in the brain stem. Despite its anti-inflammatory properties, the cannabinoid does not significantly suppress immunity, either. 

Non-Psychoactive

Unlike THC, CBD does not get you high and will not trigger a positive result on a drug test for cannabis. This makes it suitable for workers who must undergo testing. 

Anti-inflammatory Effects

Inflammation not only contributes to pain, fatigue, and tissue swelling now but can cause long-term damage that accumulates over time. 

CBD and other cannabinoids show effects on a range of inflammatory pathways in lab studies. These include the production of chemicals involved in allergic reactions and fatty acids used as the “master” material for inflammatory substances [4]. 

>>Check the best deals for FOCL Feel Good Full-Spectrum drops here

CBD Oil Application Methods

There are several different application methods, with the best depending on the specific cause of your pain and the potency you need. 

Sublingual Administration

Sublingual CBD may be absorbed into the blood faster. Better yet, it does not pass through the liver first, which would otherwise reduce the amount your body receives. 

Topical Application

Topical application through creams or serums is a potential option for joint pain [10] and potentially neuropathic pain. This method also skips processing in the liver, and it ensures your CBD gets to exactly where it’s needed. 

Inhalation

Inhalation through vaping is one of our favorite methods for rapid pain relief (and, you guessed it, bypassing the liver). You can also indulge in the delicious flavors of popular weed strains. Some have both high-THC and high-CBD, low-THC versions. 

Oral Consumption

Oral consumption through cannabis oil and edibles may give you a longer-lasting yet slower-acting effect. Oral use can create a slow-releasing effect and benefit pain coming from digestive conditions. 

Dosage

The best dosage of CBD depends on your needs and the additional benefits of other cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis plants.

Some research recommends a target dose of 25-30mg per day, alongside a similar amount of THC. If you are relying on CBD alone or with traces of THC, a dose of up to 50 or even 100mg may be more effective. 

As for topical use, doses as low as 6mg/mL can be effective thanks to their more targeted actions [10]. 

Safety and Side Effects of CBD

While CBD use is generally safe, you may still experience mild side effects including dry mouth, diarrhea, drowsiness, and fatigue. Daily oral doses of 200 milligrams (mg) or less have been safe for up to 13 weeks in clinical trials. 

Most people do not experience side effects from CBD. In one study, 84% of people who did report side effects only had mild issues. A dry mouth was the most common problem, but only 20% of people experienced it [6]. 

How We Picked the Best CBD Oils for Pain

Our favorite CBD oils for pain usually have several things in common: 

Full-Spectrum Oils

CBD oils that include the full spectrum of cannabinoids and terpenes often provide greater therapeutic benefits through the entourage effect. 

For instance, a formula combining CBD with CBC (cannabichromene) may be more effective for reducing inflammation or pain, while the presence of THC can enhance CBD’s absorption and overall efficacy. 

Full-spectrum oils aim to provide a more holistic approach to pain relief by utilizing all the natural compounds found in hemp.

Organic Hemp

Oils derived from organically grown hemp are a priority, as they contain little to no harmful pesticides or herbicides. 

These crops are often cultivated with sustainability in mind, which not only ensures a cleaner and safer product but also supports environmentally friendly farming practices. Organic certification is a reliable indicator of a high-quality CBD product.

Third-Party Testing

The best CBD oils undergo rigorous third-party testing to ensure they are free from contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and microbial impurities. 

Transparency in lab results also allows consumers to verify the potency and purity of the product, providing peace of mind and trust in the brand.

Subscription Options

Managing chronic pain often requires consistent use of CBD oil over an extended period. Subscription options provide a financially sustainable way to maintain regular use, offering discounts and convenient auto-delivery. 

This ensures a steady supply without frequent reordering, helping users stay consistent with their wellness routine.

Potency Variations

A variety of potency options is important for addressing different levels of pain. High-potency oils are better suited for severe or chronic pain, while lower doses may be ideal for mild discomfort or those new to CBD. The availability of different strengths allows users to tailor their dosage to their specific needs.

Natural Ingredients

Many of the best CBD oils include additional natural ingredients that enhance pain relief, such as turmeric or arnica, which are known for their anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. These complementary ingredients can make the oil even more effective for managing pain.

Flavor Options

While some users prefer the natural, earthy taste of unflavored oils, others may benefit from flavored options that make daily use more palatable. The availability of flavors ensures that the product is accessible to a wider range of consumers.

What Does Research Say About CBD for Pain?

Both clinical and laboratory research are building a case for CBD in pain relief. In animal studies, CBD has shown direct anti-inflammatory and pain-management properties, laying the groundwork for its application in humans.

For example, one clinical study revealed that CBD products improved arthritis pain, physical function, and sleep quality. The authors reported an 83% improvement in pain, a 66% enhancement in physical function, and a 66% improvement in sleep quality [6].

In another trial, topical application of CBD has been found to improve pain, range of motion, and grip strength in individuals with thumb arthritis. This demonstrates that CBD can be absorbed through the skin for local pain relief [10]. 

Oral administration of CBD has demonstrated improvements in pain and sleep quality for individuals suffering from arthritic pain, suggesting its benefits extend beyond mere pain management to enhancing overall quality of life.

>>Check the best deals for FOCL Feel Good Full-Spectrum drops here

How to Choose the Best CBD Oil for Pain

When selecting the best CBD oil for pain relief, several important factors should guide your decision. First, pay close attention to the dose of CBD per serving. Ideally, the product should offer at least 25 mg of CBD per milliliter, as higher concentrations are often more effective for managing pain. 

Additionally, consider whether you’re comfortable consuming a product that contains THC. While THC can enhance the benefits of CBD through the entourage effect, it may not be suitable for everyone, particularly those undergoing drug testing or who prefer THC-free options.

It’s also worth looking at the additional cannabinoids and terpenes included in the product. Compounds such as CBC (cannabichromene) and various terpenes can provide added benefits, such as reducing inflammation or enhancing relaxation, making the product more effective for pain management. 

The flavor of the oil is another key consideration—some prefer natural, earthy flavors, while others may opt for flavored options to mask the hemp taste. This choice often depends on personal preference and how regularly you plan to use the product.

Another crucial factor is whether the CBD is sourced from organic hemp crops. Organic products are typically free from harmful pesticides and chemicals, ensuring a cleaner and safer oil. Lastly, evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the product. Calculate the average cost per day by dividing the price by the number of servings. 

Products sold in larger quantities or offered through subscription plans often provide better value, making it easier to incorporate CBD into your daily routine without exceeding your budget.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

People experiencing chronic pain often have these questions when searching for CBD oil. 

Which Form of CBD Is Best for Pain?

We recommend full- or broad-spectrum CBD oils, from a reputable CBD brand like FOCL, with substantial amounts of terpenes and other cannabinoids. 

Is CBD Oil Good for Pain?

Many, if not most, studies on CBD show that it can be an effective remedy for a wide range of pain conditions. 

How Much CBD Is Good for Pain Relief?

Some estimates suggest that a dose of at least 25mg is best for pain relief. 

Is CBD Oil an Effective Painkiller?

Studies on conditions including arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and general chronic pain show reduced pain severity, lower medication requirements, and improved quality of life in many cases. 

What Is the Downside of CBD Oil?

Some CBD oils contain small amounts of THC, which can result in positive drug test results. 

How Fast Does CBD Kick in for Pain?

Common estimates suggest it takes around 20-30 minutes to notice the benefits of CBD for pain, but more research is needed. 

Who Should Avoid Taking CBD?

Avoid CBD if you are allergic to hemp. Additionally, do not take full-spectrum CBD oil if you must undergo drug testing, as small amounts of THC can cause a positive result. 

Which Form of CBD Is Most Effective?

A full-spectrum CBD tincture or oil is the most effective form thanks to the entourage effect. Choose a broad-spectrum version if you cannot consume any amount of THC, as the terpenes and other cannabinoids can still help out. 

Does CBD Oil Reduce Arthritis or Pain?

Research is beginning to show that CBD use may reduce the severity of arthritis pain and at least partially restore mobility. 

How Do I Start Taking CBD Oil for Pain?

Start with a low dose of 5-10mg to see how you respond. If you need a higher dose, you can increase it to anywhere between 25-100mg depending on your needs and body weight. 

How Do You Use CBD Oil Topically for Pain?

We recommend using an oil-based solution to help carry the CBD into your body. Thoroughly rub in the topical product of your choice over the affected area, and do not wash the area for at least 30 minutes. 

Final Thoughts

A growing body of research demonstrates that CBD and other cannabinoids may effectively relieve pain. Reducing inflammation and dialing down pain signals, can give patients enough relief to experience significant quality-of-life benefits and even lower their doses of other medications. 

However, an effective product must contain a strong enough dose of CBD and should include other cannabinoids and terpenes for an entourage effect. Overall, FOCL’s Feel Good Full-Spectrum drops delivered, and may give you mood-lifting effects too. 

References:

  1. Darkovska-Serafimovska, Marija et al. “Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for use of cannabinoids to relieve pain in patients with malignant diseases.” Journal of pain research vol. 11 837-842. 23 Apr. 2018, doi:10.2147/JPR.S160556

  2. Berthold, Erin C et al. “Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Commercially Available Cannabidiol Isolate, Broad-Spectrum, and Full-Spectrum Products.” European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics vol. 48,4 (2023): 427-435. doi:10.1007/s13318-023-00839-3

  3. Weston-Green, Katrina et al. “A Review of the Potential Use of Pinene and Linalool as Terpene-Based Medicines for Brain Health: Discovering Novel Therapeutics in the Flavours and Fragrances of Cannabis.” Frontiers in psychiatry vol. 12 583211. 26 Aug. 2021, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.583211

  4. Walsh, Kenneth B et al. “Minor Cannabinoids: Biosynthesis, Molecular Pharmacology and Potential Therapeutic Uses.” Frontiers in pharmacology vol. 12 777804. 29 Nov. 2021, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.777804

  5. Grogan, Graham et al. “The Mechanism of Cannabichromene and Cannabidiol Alone Versus in Combination in the Alleviation of Arthritis-Related Inflammation.” Annals of plastic surgery vol. 90,6S Suppl 4 (2023): S408-S415. doi:10.1097/SAP.0000000000003547

  6. Frane, Nicholas et al. “Cannabidiol as a treatment for arthritis and joint pain: an exploratory cross-sectional study.” Journal of cannabis research vol. 4,1 47. 24 Aug. 2022, doi:10.1186/s42238-022-00154-9

  7. Haddad, Fatma et al. “The Efficacy of Cannabis on Multiple Sclerosis-Related Symptoms.” Life (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 12,5 682. 5 May. 2022, doi:10.3390/life12050682

  8. Virgilio, Eleonora et al. “Efficacy of Cannabinoids on Spasticity and Chronic Pain in a Patient with Co-occurrence of Multiple Sclerosis and Neurofibromatosis Type 1.” European journal of case reports in internal medicine vol. 8,5 002424. 13 May. 2021, doi:10.12890/2021_002424

  9. Capano, Alex et al. “Evaluation of the effects of CBD hemp extract on opioid use and quality of life indicators in chronic pain patients: a prospective cohort study.” Postgraduate medicine vol. 132,1 (2020): 56-61. doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1685298

  10. Heineman, John T et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of Topical Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis.” The Journal of hand surgery vol. 47,7 (2022): 611-620. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.03.002